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Review

"Every doctor should read this book." (JAMA Internal Medicine)"[A]n excellent and realistic discussion of some of the horror stories that occur in medical practice... The examples are quite interesting and certainly educational for all readers. Highly recommended." (Choice)"Ending Medical Reversal goes far in teaching medical students and practicing physicians alike how to learn on our own." (The Lancet)"This has to be on the reading list for medical and nursing students." (Nursing Times)"Ending Medical Reversal presents persuasive evidence that many current standard-of-care treatments are probably ineffective or harmful, thoroughly explains how such treatments came to be accepted, and proposes a number of ways to address the general problem (only some of which involve avaricious companies and mercenary physicians) and minimize its impact on a specific patient." (Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices)"Dr. Prasad and Dr. Cifu offer a five-step plan, including pointers for determining if a given treatment is really able to do what you want it to do, and advice on finding a like-minded doctor who won't object to a certain amount of back-seat driving." (The New York Times)"When I describe Ending Medical Reversal as revolutionary, I don't use the term lightly. Go out and read it―right now." (Common Sense Family Doctor)"Should be considered for undergraduate reading lists. Keep a copy in the pharmacy or your briefcase as a great icebreaker or discussion point with other local healthcare professionals." (The Pharmaceutical Journal)"An outstanding, genre-defining work, this book will be read by students, educators, policymakers, scientists, scholars, medical skeptics, and health-care pundits alike." (John Henning Schumann, MD, host of Public Radio Tulsa's Medical Matters)"An important book that frames medical reversal in a compelling way. Readers will be drawn to this clearly written account." (David S. Jones, MD, Harvard University, author of Broken Hearts: The Tangled History of Cardiac Care)

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From the Back Cover

Medications such as Vioxx and procedures such as vertebroplasty for back pain are among the medical "advances" that turned out to be dangerous or useless. What Dr. Vinayak K. Prasad and Dr. Adam S. Cifu call medical reversal happens when doctors start using a medication, procedure, or diagnostic tool without a robust evidence base―and then stop using it when it is found not to help, or even to harm, patients.In Ending Medical Reversal, Drs. Prasad and Cifu narrate fascinating stories from every corner of medicine to explore why medical reversals occur, how they are harmful, and what can be done to avoid them. They explore the difference between medical innovations that improve care and those that only appear to be promising. They also outline a comprehensive plan to reform medical education, research funding and protocols, and the process for approving new drugs that will ensure that more of what gets done in doctors' offices and hospitals is truly effective."Every doctor should read this book."―JAMA Internal Medicine"[A]n excellent and realistic discussion of some of the horror stories that occur in medical practice... Highly recommended."―Choice"Ending Medical Reversal goes far in teaching medical students and practicing physicians alike how to learn on our own."―The Lancet"This has to be on the reading list for medical and nursing students."―Nursing Times"Ending Medical Reversal presents persuasive evidence that many current standard-of-care treatments are probably ineffective or harmful, thoroughly explains how such treatments came to be accepted, and proposes a number of ways to address the general problem (only some of which involve avaricious companies and mercenary physicians) and minimize its impact on a specific patient."―Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices"Dr. Prasad and Dr. Cifu offer a five-step plan, including pointers for determining if a given treatment is really able to do what you want it to do, and advice on finding a like-minded doctor who won't object to a certain amount of back-seat driving."―The New York Times"When I describe Ending Medical Reversal as revolutionary, I don't use the term lightly. Go out and read it―right now."―Common Sense Family Doctor"Should be considered for undergraduate reading lists. Keep a copy in the pharmacy or your briefcase as a great icebreaker or discussion point with other local healthcare professionals."―The Pharmaceutical Journal

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Product details

Series: Johns Hopkins Press Health Book

Paperback: 280 pages

Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press; Reprint edition (May 14, 2019)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1421429047

ISBN-13: 978-1421429045

Product Dimensions:

6 x 0.7 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 13.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.5 out of 5 stars

70 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#224,424 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Great book! Amazing how many medical treatments come into use based one a small number of "promising" results, which are sometimes found to be the result of the placebo effect or spontaneous improvement. This is NOT empirical science! I hope the authors' work helps to move medical school training from its over-emphasis on basic sciences to an empirical "What Really Works" approach! This book is an eye-opener! I have taken scans of about a dozen pages so far that have groundbreaking passages that I want to share with friends, family, and doctors. Also contains an extensive Appendix containing all of the medical reversals that the authors found in their research.

As a retired MD with 30+ years clinical work, I give this highest recommendation. We live in the era of evidence based medicine, yet too often the medical profession and the public we serve have been misled by widely accepted recommendations based on flawed evidence. The author makes this very clear to any educated person. I wish every young physician, starting as medical students, could study this gem of a book. For every example he gives, I could pick another two, as most clinicians could as well.If every patient learned to overcome their reluctance to ask questions, progress in the application of evidence based medicine would improve.Also, I just returned from a medical meeting where Dr. Prasad was guest speaker. Just read the book, open your eyes, and LEARN

As a primary care doctor who writes a great deal about our health care system and the waning doctor-patient relationship, I fell in love with this book instantly. It is well written for a broad audience, and clearly demonstrates why patients and doctors are often pursing medical interventions that are of no value. From faulty statistics to magical thinking to perverse economic incentives to poor medical education, the authors use crisp language and real world examples to show specifically what is wrong and how to fix it. As a patient who has to negotiate the health care system, this book is a valuable guide to help you protect yourself and obtain optimal care. And as doctors who practice in the system, the book helps us to understand why our instincts and what our patients tell us are often more correct than what the pundits and protocols tell us. A great book!

The book reports how/why doctors continue to used medical practices, sometimes for decades, that are later shown to be of no benefit to their patients. Time and again, we 'learn' that a new practice will help extend life, then that it does not. (Estrogen-replacement therapy after menopause, placement of coronary stents to open narrowed/blocked coronary arteries, cupping - topical suction, lobotomy. Vioxx, flecainide, losartan, routine mammography for women in their 40s) The authors assert that while there are instances of good hypotheses failing to live up to expectations - such should happen in a lab/controlled clinical trial - not in clinical medicine. They believe medicine can do a better job recommending practices that actually work.Medical reversal/disbelief is strongest when involving how people feel - eg. vertebroplasty, coronary stents (for the first three years), arthroscopic knee surgery to repair degenerative meniscal tears (700K/year),Seven states in the career of a medical innovation,' pre-Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), per John McKinlay: A 'promising report' in which a medical innovation is publicized based on its promise. 2)The innovation is adopted. 3)Patients and payers accept the innovation as standard. 4)Data begin to become available - however, those supporting the innovation come only from insubstantial studies that support the innovation in the most superficial way. 5)The RCT makes an appearance. 6)Then denial, if its use is not supported - entrenched interests deny the innovation may not be effective. 7)Acceptance.While EBM has filled journals, they often avoid big questions or favor one side such that they are not useful.Surrogate end points are objective ones that can be easily and directly measured (eg. improved bone density vs. fracture rates, lowered blood pressure vs. decreased rate of strokes, antiarrhythmic drugs decreasing the number of premature ventricular contractions but not survival after a heart attack, hospitalization rates). However, they are invisible to the patient.Summarizing to this point, we have seen reversal for practices meant to make us live longer when evidence supporting that practice was weak or flawed - this included times when the evidence relied on surrogate end points. For practices meant to make us feel better, we have also learned how powerful the placebo effect is, and noted reversals when treatments were later tested using appropriate controls, such as sham procedures.Screening recommendations have also be reversed. In many reversals involving screening are the worst kind - they are performed on healthy people and thus affect an enormous number of them who simply want to stay that way. An ineffective screening test can turn millions of healthy people into patients. Recommendations for PSA tests, mammograms for women in their forties, Pap smears, etc. have all been revised.In studies of CT-scan screening for lung cancer in those between ages 55 and 80 with a heavy-smoking history is the only screening test to-date that makes you live longer - and even here am many as 96% of abnormal findings are false alarms. In studies of colorectal cancer with 30 years of follow-up, for every 10,000 people, 192 die of colon cancer in the unscreened arm, vs. 128 in the screened arm. However, looking at overall mortality, 7,109 out of 10,000 die in the unscreened group vs. 7,111 in the screened group - not a significant difference.Most experts agree that all cancer screening leads to some amount of over-diagnosis. When we screen for prostate cancer, we end up treating about 40 cancers for every cancer that will kill. For mammography, the best studies suggest that if a mammogram finds breast cancer and it is treated, there is a 13% chance this will have saved a life.Each year in America, we spend hundreds of billions on screening tests and their downstream costs. In 2011, two articles were published, finding that gown-and-glove precautions did not decrease transmission of VRE or MRSA in ICUs - an intervention generating additional costs w/o benefits. However, gown-and-glove precautions were adopted largely on the basis of 'single-center, before-and-after studies. The proof from such a study tends to be tenuous because that center may be idiosyncratic - a unique demographic of patients or bacteria, or an unusually enthusiastic proponent who changes the culture in ways not reproduced elsewhere. Before-and-after studies are also problematic, and the initial data behind most systems interventions. However, one's intervention is never the only thing changed (Hawthorne effects) - and per the author, we have yet to see a very large, well-done randomized trial confirming that eg. a checklist is truly what makes the differences. Another - rapid-response-teams for cardiac arrests were demonstrated in the 2005 MERIT trial in 23 Australian hospitals to not improve patient outcomes. Yet, gown-and-glove precautions and RRT are widely accepted, despite not working.'Door-to-balloon' time was considered an important objective. A 2013 study found that between 2005 and 2009, door-to-ballon times were significantly reduced across the nation - the number of patients waiting longer than 90 minutes decreased from 40.3% to 16.9^. Mortality, however, was unchanged. Explanations - perhaps we were not targeting the right metric (instead focus on total time), or decreasing door-to-balloon time might be an example of diminishing returns. A final example - in 2001 a single-center unblinded RCT found that lowering blood-sugar levels to normal levels could improve survival in a SICU. (A novel strategy because one of the body's responses to critical illness is to raise blood-sugar levels.) This quickly became a new standard until a 2009 multicenter (42 hospitals) RCT found the practice increased deaths by 2.6 percentage points at 90 days.Prasad then points out that while doctors often recommend treatments that do not work, patients also do - on their own. Glucosamine and chondroitin ($700 million in 2004) - a 2006 RCT found no difference in pain; this was followed by a 2010 review of data from 10 different trials that reached the same conclusion. Echinacea - nearly 20% of Americans reported using Echinacea in the past 30 days, mostly to reduce the duration of cold symptoms. A 2005 RCT study concluded it did not reduce symptom duration; this was later supported by 7 randomized trials - only one of which reduced symptom duration compared to a placebo. (The authors also examined 12 studies that looked at Echinacea to prevent colds - none of the studies showed an effect.)Acupuncture is a popular treatment for pain, dating back over 3,000 years. An effort to summarize all research analyzing acupuncture published (Western Chinese, and Korean scientific literature) between 2000 - 2009 concluded there is 'little truly convincing evidence that acupuncture is effective in reducing pain,' and also enumerated a few examples of acupuncture causing real harm.Use of multivitamins in a 2009 study of 161K women found no link to declines in cancer, heart disease, or mortality; a 2013 review of randomized trails found no clear benefit on overall survival, heart disease, or cancer.Recent analyses of randomized trials found that calcium and vitamin D supplementation does not reduce risk of fractures among healthy women, and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends against the supplements. On the other hand, we've known that calcium and vitamin D supplementation increases kidney stones, and a 2010 group of researchers added heart attacks as another potential side effect.When it comes to dietary habits, studies are less like science and more like an opinion poll. Most diets are never tested in a randomized trial, and when they are, the main outcome of study is usually short-term weight loss. In PREDIMED (an RCT evaluation of the Mediterranean diet, using randomly assigned patients at high risk for a cardiovascular event) found one had to treat about 90 people with the diet for 5 years to prevent one stroke - yet no mortality differences.In 2005 John Ioannidis wanted to measure the proportion of important findings in medicine that were later contradicted. He started with studies referenced over 1,000 times published during the years 1990 to 2003. Of those, 45 found a medical intervention effective, and of those 16% were later found ineffective, another 16% less effective than initially believed, 44% supported in future studies, 24% never tested again. The authors did their own research, using articles in the 2009 NEJM - of the 35 studies examining current standards of care, 46% showed current standards as ineffective. They then extended their study to NEJM articles between 2001 and 2010. Reversals were found in 40%, 38% reaffirmed the benefit of a new practice, and 22% were inconclusive. A project of the British Medical Journal Clinical Evidence completed a review of 3,000 medical practices and found 35% effective, 15% harmful/unlikely to be beneficial/tradeoff, and 50% of unknown effectiveness.Tracking citations to three major practices found not to work: beta-carotene to prevent cancer, estrogen to prevent Alzheimer's, and vitamin E to lower cardiovascular risk, researchers found that 10 years passed before the research community stopped referencing the flawed practice.Original analyses of prescribing estrogens for post-menopausal women was cofounded by the self-selected nature of those originally taking the supplements - less likely to have a family history of heart disease, be hypertensive, have diabetes, or smoke; they also were younger, drank more alcohol, and consumed more saturated fats.A 2012 paper titled 'Empirical Evaluation of Very Large Treatment Effects of Medical Interventions' (Pereira, Horwitz, Ioannidis) examined the proportion of medical trials showing a very large treatment effect (eg. 5X or more). They looked at over 228,000 trials and found only 9% did so. Topics with large effects were less likely to be about mortality and more likely to be about a laboratory value. They then looked at other studies addressing the same questions as those demonstrating the very large treatment effect - 90% of the time, the large treatment effects got smaller when one looked at other studies, thus strongly suggesting the largest magnitude of effect ae more likely statistical flukes. Across all the studies, only one had a large effect on mortality - a method for oxygenating blood of newborns who cannot adequately breathe on their own.RCTs have intrinsic error rates, added to by early termination of RCTs, publication bias,Industry-sponsored studies are 4X as likely to reach a positive conclusion; they are also less likely to be published/presented, or published after a delay. When companies hold back evidence (device-makers, drug formulators), the medical literature becomes selectively drawn from a much larger pool. Tamiflu was thought to prevent transmission of the flue, decrease hospitalizations, and save lives - an RCT found it decreased flu symptoms by less than a day - while causing nausea and vomiting, did nothing to prevent transmission of the virus, reduce hospitalization or deaths. Previously, Roche (Tamiflu manufacturer) had published its own meta-analysis, and found large benefits. Their study included only those proven to have influenza (rather than those with influenza-like illness) and focused on those receiving the drug early - different than typical use.The FDA cannot consider cost as part of its deliberations, nor relative efficacy. Then, in the early 1990s, the FDA pioneered an accelerated-approval program - allowing drugs for serious diseases with few treatment options to gain approval by showing benefit on a surrogate end point reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The drug is then given a period of time to prove it benefits a more important end point. However, after a drug is approved, it is much harder to get participants to enroll in a study (no one will pay for a trial if there is no prospect for large returns) and after 20 years one-third of these post-approval confirmatory studies had not been completed.What is also not acceptable is for a drug company to develop a drug for one indication and then market it for something else - gabapentin is an egregious, but not the most recent, example. In 1993, under the trade name Neurontin, it was approved to be used for the treatment of seizures when combined with other drugs. Its maker, Parke-Davis, then marketed it for eg. bipolar disorder, pain disorders, etc. AND as a single agent for seizures - despite having previously being rejected for the latter by the FDA. A $430 million settlement followed, but over 20 years later gabapentin is still not approved for most of the off-label uses for which it was initially promoted. (Another reversal-prone situation.)A bias to 'act now, data later' also contributes to reversal, rapid reporting on new technology is another, along with direct-to-consumer advertising (we're one of only two nations {New Zealand} that permit such). An evaluation of DTC advertising found 10% of those with 'adjustment disorder' symptoms and did not request a medication received one, vs. 39% of those making a general request and 55% making a brand-specific request. Between 1999 and 2005, DTC advertising increased from just under $1 billion to over $4 billion. Another - a medical school emphasis on 'reductionism' (understanding the mechanism by which a drug purportedly works), instead of empiricism (does the drug work).

Interesting take on the unholy alliance between physicians and drug and medical device manufacturers. Turns out that the heroes in medical research are the scientists who come up with the latest and greatest, regardless of whether there are tenuous grounds to support their claims. Those few medical scientists who study whether treatments or devices actually do what they are supposed to do, don't get nearly the same notoriety. In a bigger picture way, this book gets you to think about the whole medical treatment model. Many medical treatments are based on a mechanical theory of how the body works. That being the case you would think that in all cases the placing stents to open blocked heart arteries would be beneficial. However, carefully controlled studies have shown that stenting is not beneficial for those patients with controlled coronary artery disease and may even lead to complications. Yet, in spite of the evidence, this practice continues.Ending Medical Reversal advocates for "evidence based medicine" as the gold standard to which all doctors should aspire. Prasad and Cifu explain to the lay reader how not all medical studies are equal, discuss the placebo effect, present an outline for a better curriculum for medical training and, I found most importantly, offer practical advice on how I can avoid being a casualty of a treatment based upon flawed data or reasoning. This is a book that I look forward to rereading to ingrain these concepts in my mind. It is so easy to believe that just because something is new and hyped, that it is better.

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Free Download A Practical Guide to Linux

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Estimates have it that there are over three million Linux users worldwide because besides Linux being very good, it is free. Linus Torvalds developed Linux and placed it on the Internet protected by "copyleft," which means anyone can use the original source code, but they must also place any developed code in the public domain for others to use. This book is not for computing beginners but is instead for advanced users who are new to installing and running Linux. The book includes an introduction to Linux installation and discussions of file structure, editing, shell programming, and utility programs such as regular expression searching, help, emulators, and POSIX standards.Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.

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From the Back Cover

"...I am indebted to Mark for helping me to learn UNIX and now for helping to make Linux accessible to more people...I strongly recommend this book to anyone who is interested in learning and using Linux." Linus Torvalds Father of Linux "Finally, a Linux 'tome' I will recommend to friends. Mark knows Linux well, and presents it clearly. In a book primarily and successfully aimed at new users, he has succeeded in teaching me more about my favorite environment -- and I'm paid to be an expert." Michael K. Johnson Software Developer, Red Hat Software (Former Editor, Linux Journal) This new book by best-selling UNIX author Mark Sobell combines the strengths of a tutorial and those of a reference to give you the knowledge and skills to master Linux. Uniquely designed for both beginners and experienced users, A Practical Guide to Linux requires no prior programming experience. It begins with an extensive tutorial to bring those with less experience up to speed, and then quickly progresses to detailed chapters on GUIs, networking, the vi and emacs editors, three popular shells, programming tools, and system administration. Part two is a comprehensive reference containing descriptions and examples of 87 utilities. The book includes several complete example sessions on downloading and installing Linux-based utilities and other software from the Internet. A Practical Guide to Linux contains: clear, easy-to-read descriptions of 87 utilities with practical examples; detailed coverage of Linux programming tools and concepts, including using the C compiler, make, and source code control systems (rcs and cvs); in-depth discussion of system administration procedures such as backing up the system, monitoring growing files, rebuilding Linux, installing new software and updates, and preventing and fixing problems; thorough shell coverage with chapters on the Bourne Again Shell (bash), the TC Shell (tcsh), and the Z Shell (zsh); examples showing interactive use of the shells as well as shell programming; information on using and customizing the X Window System, including sections on the Mosaic and fvwm window managers; and a comprehensive glossary as well as appendixes covering regular expressions, POSIX standards, and a special Linux help section written as a FAQ. The text is compatible with all Linux distributions, and a companion Web site is maintained by the author to provide assistance in locating on-line Linux documentation, software, news groups, and more (http://www.sobell.com). 0201895498B04062001

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Product details

Paperback: 1072 pages

Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional; 1 edition (July 5, 1997)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0201895498

ISBN-13: 978-0201895490

Product Dimensions:

7.4 x 1.5 x 9.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 3.5 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.2 out of 5 stars

55 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

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Mark Sobell's "A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming, Second Edition" follows a number of other "Practical Guides" that Sobell has authored on different flavors of Unix and Linux. Its title is quite descriptive, as it does not contain any material on GUIs, networking, printing, and so on.The Good: this is basically two books for the price of one. The 300-page reference section toward the end of the book is very good: it contains tables of command arguments in a visually pleasing layout, specific notes, and on top of that it also includes exactly what the man pages sorely lack: detailed examples! Thus, the command reference in Part V alone is worth buying the book for. Sobell covers 100 utilities, ranging from one-page pointers (e.g. cal, renice, strings, wc) to mini-tutorials (e.g. find, grep, make, pax, sort). The early part of the book is 600 pages long and is intended to be both a tutorial and a reference. Sobell is explicitly trying to be novice-friendly: he has included chapter summaries, exercises (with answers to even-numbered exercises provided on his website), a glossary in an appendix, as well as numerous tables summarizing lessons learned (or about to be introduced). Such tables are scattered throughout the text and in the case of a few chapters (notably the ones on vim and emacs) they are also repeated in the form of very useful chapter summaries. Sobell is very good both at cross-referencing material and at collecting all the relevant information in one place. The first 5 chapters deal with the basics of interactive shell usage and are pedagogically sound, probably more so than the chapters that follow. After that, the author covers two different text editors and two different shells. Though Sobell doesn't seem to favor vim over emacs (or vice versa), in the case of shell programming he is unambiguous: "Do not use tcsh as a programming language ... If you are going to learn only one shell programming language, learn bash." (p. 350). On a different note, Sobell also includes various asides which are perhaps not necessary but are fun to read about, e.g. on the tee or the pstree utilities.The Bad: this book tries to be two things at the same time, tutorial and reference, and succeeds more in the latter than in the former. This is unfortunate: this volume is too elementary for advanced Linux users, yet it may be too difficult for those with limited experience. A few examples of suboptimal pedagogy: a) Sobell seems to have a mix-and-match approach to writing new books, e.g. in chapter 4 the use of fstab and mount comes out of nowhere and is never really explained -- though it is explained in chapter 12 of Sobell's book on Ubuntu. b) Chapter 6 is nominally about the vim text editor, but in reality it's lacking pretty basic stuff (e.g. gg). Sobell seems to be more interested in old-school vi, ignoring vim capabilities like folding, keyword completion, and (most importantly) vim's visual mode. c) The organization of the material is not always sound: e.g. to understand the introduction to bash in chapter 8 one has to read portions of chapter 10 on bash programming. Unfortunately, the same also holds for the first half of chapter 10 itself, in which Sobell repeatedly uses concepts that are introduced in the second half. d) When the author introduces a new tool from scratch (see chapters 12, 13, and 14 on awk, sed, and rsync, respectively) the results are underwhelming: pages upon pages of tables and definitions with all examples postponed until later. e) Even though the book contains a number of errata, as of this writing none of them have been corrected on the author's website. Some of these are potentially grave: for example, on p. 305 Sobell describes (()) by saying that it expands an arithmetic expression, but then on p. 461 he includes a tip box highlighting the distinction between arithmetic expansion, $(()), and arithmetic evaluation, (()). What's even worse, using this book as a reference is also somewhat complicated: since it's purportedly aimed at beginners it is far from complete (e.g. Sobell has nothing to say about the printf builtin), but that doesn't change the fact that one still has to lug around a 1000-page volume.In a nutshell, this an OK introduction to interactive shell usage, but not to shell programming. O' Reilly's tutorial volumes "Learning the bash shell" and "Classic shell scripting" (both of which can be read linearly) are much better when it comes to programming. Even so, the meticulous cross-referencing and the abundance of tables make Sobell's book a decent reference. All in all, 3.5 stars.Alex Gezerlis

Excellent book that will take your linux skills to the next level. Command line is where Linux shines and if you need to know what's under the hood, read this book, either cover to cover or just by chapters that interest you.You'll hear many Linux enthusiasts gladly pointing to free online resources for learning Linux and although there are many, those resources are of varying quality and always fail to go into a deeper discussion accompanied by examples, end up pawing man pages or worse are just echo of somebody else's attempt at writing a Linux walkthrough.This book is primarily practical. Although the opening chapter may seem unnecessary, dealing with history of GNU and Linux, chapters that follow dive deeper and deeper to show you just what is it that makes Linux shell so great.The language in which this book is written makes it an authoritative source. If you ever caught yourself reading the man pages of any Linux utility, you noticed how incredibly terse and hard to understand the language of the man pages can be. The language of this book is just a notch down from the man pages language, it isn't hard on you but it will require your attention all the time as there's very little to none "filler material" and unnecessary repetition.This is not to say that this material is dry and unreadable. The material is not only compiled information on utilities and their roles but author also shows his points in practice and makes you learn not only on how- to's but by contrast as well. I caught myself reading 30 pages at once when I noticed this book on the shelves of the bookstore, just by browsing through the pages.Educative- if you set out to learn as many available commands with their most commonly used handles, the appendices of this book will greatly help you achieve just that since those appendices contain an impressive compilation of commands, their handles and (what most impressed me) what those handles do through examples. No other book or online guide that I've seen so far does that for its reader. Commands discussed aren't only the most popular ones, or the recommended ones for different levels, inside are explanations for commands that are used by more advanced users but explained on a very plain level and through non- trivial examples. That is way past the "hello world" level of online guides.Although you'll probably be mostly interested in the Bash shell part, author discusses other available shells with the more advanced audience in mind (like tcsh and zsh) keeping the same level and depth of discussion, and where necessary, points out how things are done or which equivalent utilities are used in those shells as well as in Bash.What isn't covered here is Linux networking. Everything that is explained pertains to working at an individual Linux workstation. It is assumed that you have an access to a completely configured and successful Linux installation that has all hardware and installation issues resolved. In this day and age, you'd probably want to do a virtual installation of Linux in a virtual machine thereby eliminating possible conflict due to non- compliant hardware.This book helped me a lot while preparing for the Linux Professional Institute Certification level 1, especially for the first of the two exams (LPIC 101) that required exact knowledge of commands and their usage on individual workstations. I successfully passed that exam and those appendices with commands as well as explanations provided throughout the book proved invaluable at exam time.

I'm fairly computer-literate, but have no formal training in Linux. I've picked-up some Linux knowledge (mostly by bothering other employees for help), but had big gaps and never felt comfortable working in the environment. After reading this book, the gaps were filled and, while I'm not an expert, I'm much more comfortable working in with Linux.This book really does have it all. The chapters are well written for newcomers to learn the concepts and commands, plus it has an extensive reference section that puts the "man" pages to shame. The examples are very good, and the cross-references are excellent.I actually bought this book in both print and Kindle formats. The book stays on my desk, while the Kindle travels with me. This is one of the best-formatted Kindle editions of a technical book I have seen to date. The cross-references actually work (and are more critical in the Kindle version than the print). My only complaint with the Kindle version is that some of the examples are a little hard to read as "pictures" on my Kindle 2. Still, some effort has been made to format them (unlike some other books).The bottom line is that if you need work with Linux, this is the book to buy.

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Ebook Download Short Stories in Spanish for Beginners (Teach Yourself), by Olly Richards

Ebook Download Short Stories in Spanish for Beginners (Teach Yourself), by Olly Richards

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Short Stories in Spanish for Beginners (Teach Yourself), by Olly Richards

Ebook Download Short Stories in Spanish for Beginners (Teach Yourself), by Olly Richards

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Review

"As researchers in language acquisition, we need to study people like you"―Stephen Krashen, Emeritus Professor, University of Southern California"Olly's advice on language learning is the real deal, and I recommend you pay attention to what he has to say!"―Benny Lewis, Fluent in 3 Months"When we wanted to create a free online course on how to learn a language we asked Olly to write it with us".―Dr Tita Beaven, The Open University"Learning a language is challenging, but it's one of the best things you can do for your brain and your learning skill set... Olly Richards is doing some seriously incredible work to empower more and more people to rise to the challenge".―Jonathan Levi"Olly bridges the gap between theory and practice by helping you to use scientific principles to get real results with your language learning".―Anthony Metivier, Magnetic Memory Method

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About the Author

Olly Richards speaks eight languages and is the man behind the popular blog: I Will Teach You A Language. He started learning his first foreign language at age 19, when he bought a one-way ticket to Paris... With no exposure to languages growing up, and no special talent to speak of, he had to figure out how to learn a foreign language from scratch. Fifteen years later, Olly has studied ten languages and has decided to reveal how he accomplished his goal of learning foreign languages quickly.Although he started the I Will Teach You A Language blog in order to document his latest language learning experiments, his useful and actionable writing quickly transformed the blog into one of the most popular sources of language learning advice on the web. He now produces language books and courses across a variety of mediums with the goal of helping other people to successfully learn a new language.

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Product details

Series: Teach Yourself (Book 1)

Paperback: 238 pages

Publisher: Teach Yourself; Bilingual edition (November 13, 2018)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 9781473683259

ISBN-13: 978-1473683259

ASIN: 1473683254

Product Dimensions:

5.1 x 0.8 x 7.7 inches

Shipping Weight: 7.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.5 out of 5 stars

213 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#24,138 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

I use this book with my students. It's not perfect, but there's not a lot to choose from. A few observations:1) It uses European Spanish. This means some things sound odd, or even confusing, to Latin Americans like me.2) It has errors. I purchased the Kindle version of the new edition that will be released in paper in November 2018. This edition eliminated the dragon story and added a space story about a capsule. This story seems rushed, and it not only has errors in the Spanish, but also one in the story itself. Hiring a proofreader won't hurt.3) It contains too many low frequency words. This is most definitely not for beginners. Some words are unknown even to natives, such as pergamino in the Knight story. I re-typed part of a story into a text editor where I use a user dictionary containing the top 20K Spanish word forms. There's about 6-10% of word forms OUTSIDE THE TOP 20K! Something written for "beginners" should focus on high-frequency words instead. Anything beyond 2% unknown words becomes a chore.4) Reading is made difficult by the names. Some stories use really odd names instead of native Spanish names. This makes reading more difficult even for natives.5) As for the stories themselves, the first one is boring. The second one is mildly interesting. The remaining ones are more interesting and I kept reading them like I would with native materials. But sometimes you wonder if something was lost in the translation (Remember Olly's native language is English), because it can be difficult to follow what's going on.

I'm a Spanish beginner (English is my first language) and it can be hard to find stories that are put together well enough to be fun, yet have a depth of variety—in both vocabularly and grammar—to be worthwhile.These stories fill an important slot in my learning process, when I don't want to do vocab flashcards, or read real-world articles, or use apps like DuoLingo, etc.I'm docking a star because there are occasional errors/typos, especially in the end-of-chapter summary/vocab sections. But it's not egregious (I'd make it a 4.5 star review if I could). I even contacted the author on Twitter and he said an update was forthcoming that should sync to my Kindle automatically.I would definitely purchase a 2nd set of such stories if one came out.

Finally, I have found a reading tool that actually helps me, rather than frustrates me. Olly Richards has put together a great combination of teaching and fun reading. For me, his instructions on how to read the stories takes all of the "I will never get this!" feeling away, and it is awesome to have enjoyable short stories specifically targeted to my level. Plus the short quizzes at the end to ensure that you understood the story are a great addition. My opinion is that this is a must-have addition for anyone seriously learning Spanish.One note, however - it is written in Castilian Spanish, not Latin American Spanish, so if you have been studying mainly Latin American Spanish (like me) there will be a few times when you have to use your own dictionary or on-line translator in addition to the provided vocabulary list after each story. This has not bothered me at all, as 99% of the time, I understand the gist of the paragraph without having to interrupt and translate.I highly recommend this book. The confidence it gave me when I realized I could read MUCH more than I previously thought - it was and continues to be a great boost to continue my studies and to me not feeling 'stuck.' I look forward to getting to the next level and purchasing the next level of Spanish Short Stories. Big thanks to Olly Richards for providing an enjoyable and essential learning tool.

This book isn't mean to be rated using Amazons rating buttons for books. I had to click on of them to get to the typing part so I chose predictable. But of course it is. This is a Spanish reader for those seeking to learn Spanish, like me. It's written with the learner in mind and the story aspect is just to help you learn new words. So far, I've found it very helpful in that regard. I am reading it using Kindle so it gives me the ability to click on a word and have it translated into English so if I don't know one and can't figure it out using context I can still learn. This book was $1.99 when I purchased it and it's worth every penny as a way to help learn a second language.

The author has the right idea for what a book of introductory short stories for learning a foreign language should be. It is good that there is no accompanying English text--is is better for the reader to figure out the puzzle of reading a foreign language without such training wheels!The author works into his stories the kind of words that a tourist needs, rather that load you up with arcane vocabulary words.There is one odd thing about these stories however. I have started reading the author's book of introductory Italian short stories and the first story is identical to the to the first story in this book! Only the names of the cities, characters, and food have been changed--every event in the Spanish book correspond to an event in the Italian book! Stay tuned as I read more of the Italian stories!

Fun, fun, fun!!! Oh wow, so I've read a few of Mr. Richards' short stories in different languages (and about to start another one here shortly), and they are tons of fun and I honestly do believe that I am catching on to some words. I love the way he starts out with telling how the easiest way to try to learn it through reading, then to go back with a little bit more understanding, and then again as you catch on more. But he makes this learning fun! It's not the monotonous drowning of repeat the word over and over. I was fortunate to have received this book complimentary in exchange for my honest and unbiased review.

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Free Ebook Dag Alveng: Racing

Free Ebook Dag Alveng: Racing

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Product details

Hardcover: 132 pages

Publisher: Forlaget Press (September 30, 2012)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 8275475341

ISBN-13: 978-8275475341

Product Dimensions:

12 x 0.5 x 12 inches

Shipping Weight: 3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#4,309,890 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Free PDF The Lantern Bearers (The Roman Britain Trilogy), by Rosemary Sutcliff

Free PDF The Lantern Bearers (The Roman Britain Trilogy), by Rosemary Sutcliff

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Review

“A spellbinding historical adventure . . . Smoothly written, fast-paced, remarkable in the atmosphere it evokes.” ―The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books

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About the Author

Rosemary Sutcliff (1920-1992) wrote dozens of books for young readers, including her award-winning Roman Britain trilogy, The Eagle of the Ninth, The Silver Branch, and The Lantern Bearers, which won the Carnegie Medal. The Eagle of the Ninth is now a major motion picture, The Eagle, directed by Kevin MacDonald and starring Channing Tatum. Born in Surrey, Sutcliff spent her childhood in Malta and on various other naval bases where her father was stationed. At a young age, she contracted Still's Disease, which confined her to a wheelchair for most of her life. Shortly before her death, she was named Commander of the British Empire (CBE) one of Britain's most prestigious honors. She died in West Sussex, England, in 1992.

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Product details

Series: The Roman Britain Trilogy (Book 3)

Paperback: 240 pages

Publisher: Square Fish; Reprint edition (November 9, 2010)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0312644302

ISBN-13: 978-0312644307

Product Dimensions:

5.5 x 0.7 x 8.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 12.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.2 out of 5 stars

49 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#378,620 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

The Lantern Bearers is the fourth in Rosemary Sutcliff's loosely-connected series about a Roman family in ancient Britain. The story begins when the last Roman legions are leaving Britain. Beseiged by wars with Germanic tribes on the European mainland, the empire can no longer afford to spend any of its military capital fighting off Saxon invaders on this remotest of its territories which it had by now largely abandoned, anyway. Young Aquila, a cavalry officer in the Roman army, is spending a rare leave with this father and sister on his family's homestead when he is urgently recalled to duty. Immediately upon his return he learns that preparations are being made for the last boatload -- literally -- of Roman legions to leave the island of Britain forever.Over the ensuing few days Aquila wrestles with his thoughts and feelings and finally, at the last moment, realizes that, though he considers himself a Roman, Britain is his home. His family has lived on the island for generations, he knows his father and sister will never leave, and he decides that he cannot leave either. So he hides in the lighthouse on the coast and watches while his ship sails off without him, then makes his way back to his family's villa.Just three days later his world is forever turned upside down when Saxons raid his home, burning it to the ground, killing his father, carrying off his sister, and leaving him tied to a tree in the woods for the wolves to find. By an ironic turn of events he is rescued and taken to the homeland of the Jutes (present-day Denmark) as a slave. Desolate at the loss of his beloved father and sister and the only life and world he has known, beset by bitter loneliness in a strange land, the desire to find his sister is the only thing that keeps him going.Thus begins The Lantern Bearers, a story that traces Aquila through the ensuing decades of his life as he journeys through hatred, grief, desolation and bitterness in a quest first to find revenge and then to find some measure of peace. At the same time the story traces the story of Britain as it gradually loses the influence of Rome and descends into the Dark Ages.As always, Sutcliff's writing is lovely, detailed and evocative, whether she is describing the British countryside, or a battle scene, or the physical decay of society in the wake of Rome's departure from the island. Unlike her earlier books in this series, The Lantern Bearers really isn't about a young man's quest for honor or bravery, and doesn't involve adventure per se. Instead, it explores, through the life of Aquila, the painful overtaking of an older culture (in this case the Romano-Celts of Britain) by invaders (the Saxons). The bitterness, hatred, crossed loyalties, fragile peace and uneasy acceptance that Sutliff so skillfully depicts resonated with poignant realism; I am sure this is how it was in the many times in Britain's history (and that of other parts of the world as well) when two vastly different peoples battled for the same piece of ground, and their cultures (as inevitably happens) uneasily merged.The book also introduced the character of young Artos; the amount of attention given him, and the fact that he was a Romano-Celtic young man who was a charismatic battle leader, made it obvious that he was the King Arthur of legend. I look forward to reading the next book in this series to see how Sutcliff develops his story.

The third volume in Rosemary Sutcliff's Roman Britain Trilogy, THE LANTERN BEARERS is set roughly 300 years after her first, THE EAGLE OF THE NINTH in around 427 AD. 18-year-old Aquila is just starting out on life, and has spent a year as a commander of the Rhenus Horse Auxiliary Cavalry. What happens in the first few pages of this novel changes him for life, from an open-minded pleasant young man to someone who is not well-liked.But Ms. Sutcliff has done such a wonderful job in showing us Aquila's life both before and after, that even though he is not a likable character, one cannot help rooting for him.By and by he acquires a wife and a son, but nothing can take away the awfulness of what happened to him. Eventually, however, he finds a certain kind of peace, and the last image of the book is both consoling and realistic. This book won the Carnegie Medal in 1959. More than just a fictional account of history, this book engages the reader at a deep level, forcing us to feel the agony of the difficult choices Aquila has to make. Five stars.

My 13 year old son, who has only read for information, never a story for enjoyment. Well Mrs. Sutcliff changed all that - he now owns his own copies of the three stories from this exceptionally well written history of Britain. The series begins with the Eagle of the Ninth (movie version is The Eagle), followed by The Silver Branch and finally with The Lantern Bearers.Some of the reviews of this book present a dark, somber story. The story definately has those elements, but there is redemption and hope for Aquila. My 10 and 13 year old boys enjoy the story as our history - so give it a try.My only negative is I would much prefer a hardcover!

Most people know the drill already regarding Rosemary Sutcliff: she wrote beautiful, melancholy children's books on key moments in British dark ages history that are so complex and beautiful that they appeal to adults as well. As many reviewers have noted, "The Lantern Bearers" is just such a "children's" book, but will appeal to readers of any age who enjoy rousing tales based on both fact and legend. This book follows the adventures of a Roman soldier who decides to stay in Britain when the legions depart in the early 5th century. He is quickly captured and enslaved by the invading Saxons but manages to escape and join the Romano-British resistance to the Saxon onslaught. This is one of Sutcliff's finest--surpassed only by its adult-oriented sequel, "Sword At Sunset"--and her prose captures the sadness of seeing the end of an era. But like many of her books, it also has a message of redemption and hope and ends on an uplifting note. The action is gripping, the characters are three dimensional and interesting, and the historical detail is astounding. Highly highly recommended.

This trilogy is awesome if you are into this type period literature. Rosemary Sutcliff pulls you into the story so it is as if you are watching the events take place.

Rosemary Sutcliff was the Grande Dame of historical fiction in the modern era. She set the standards high, not only for historical accuracy but also in beautiful writing. If you want to understand the reality of Britain in Roman and post-Roman times, she is the author to read. Her story moves along at a brisk pace, building as it goes until you are totally invested in the characters. It is not only history that she writes but that which moves the human heart. Read the entire trilogy in order - they are easy reads and will move you in unexpected ways.

Impressive, tells the brutal storey of the human struggle (following the Roman withdrawal from Britian) of the transition from the roman provincial life to the barbarian life that followed.

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The Lantern Bearers (The Roman Britain Trilogy), by Rosemary Sutcliff PDF

The Lantern Bearers (The Roman Britain Trilogy), by Rosemary Sutcliff PDF

The Lantern Bearers (The Roman Britain Trilogy), by Rosemary Sutcliff PDF

The Lantern Bearers (The Roman Britain Trilogy), by Rosemary Sutcliff PDF

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